Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2024-22
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2024-22
10 Jan 2025
 | 10 Jan 2025
Status: a revised version of this preprint is currently under review for the journal MR.

Automated manufacturing process for sustainable prototyping of NMR transceivers

Sagar Wadhwa, Nan Wang, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Manuel Butzer, Omar Nassar, Mazin Jouda, Jan G. Korvink, Ulrich Gengenbach, Dario Mager, and Martin Ungerer

Abstract. Additive manufacturing has enabled rapid prototyping of components with minimum investment in specific fabrication infrastructure. These tools allow a fast iteration from design to functional prototypes within days or even hours. Such prototyping technologies exist in many fields, from 3-dimensional mechanical components, or printed electric circuit boards (PCBs) for electrical connectivity, to mention two. In the case of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy one needs the combination of both fields, we need to fabricate three-dimensional electrically conductive tracks as coils that are wrapped around a sample container. Fabricating such structures is difficult (e.g. 6 axes micro-milling) or simply not possible with conventional methods. In this paper, we modified an additive manufacturing method that is based on the extrusion of conductive ink to fastprototype solenoidal coil designs for NMR. These NMR coils, need to be as close to the sample as possible and by their shape have specific inductive values. The performance of the designs was first investigated using EM-field simulations, and circuit simulations. The coil found to have optimal parameters for NMR was fabricated by extrusion printing and its performance was tested in a 1.05 T imaging magnet. The objective is to demonstrate reproducible rapid prototyping of complicated designs with high precision that as a side effect hardly produces material waste during production.

Competing interests: J.G.K. is is a member of the editorial board of Magnetic Resonance and a shareholder in Voxalytic GmbH, a company that produces NMR equipment. S.W. is an employee at Voxalytic GmbH. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
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Sagar Wadhwa, Nan Wang, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Manuel Butzer, Omar Nassar, Mazin Jouda, Jan G. Korvink, Ulrich Gengenbach, Dario Mager, and Martin Ungerer

Status: final response (author comments only)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on mr-2024-22', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Feb 2025
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Dario Mager, 28 Mar 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on mr-2024-22', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Feb 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Dario Mager, 28 Mar 2025
  • RC3: 'Comment on mr-2024-22', Anonymous Referee #3, 11 Mar 2025
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Dario Mager, 28 Mar 2025
Sagar Wadhwa, Nan Wang, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Manuel Butzer, Omar Nassar, Mazin Jouda, Jan G. Korvink, Ulrich Gengenbach, Dario Mager, and Martin Ungerer
Sagar Wadhwa, Nan Wang, Klaus-Martin Reichert, Manuel Butzer, Omar Nassar, Mazin Jouda, Jan G. Korvink, Ulrich Gengenbach, Dario Mager, and Martin Ungerer

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Short summary
We present a technology that allows the direct writing of conductive tracks on cylindrical substrates as receiver coils for magnetic resonance experiments. The structures are written with high precision, which has two benefits. First the real structures behave pretty similar to the simulated designs, second it allows the writing of coils others then the fairly straight forward solenoidal coils, thereby making other designs available for MR micro-coils.
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