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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">MRD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Magnetic Resonance Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">MRD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Magn. Reson. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2699-0059</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/mr-2026-6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>An Order of Magnitude Signal-to-Noise Improvement of Magnetic Resonance Spectra using a Segmented-Overlap Fourier-Filtering and Averaging (SOFFA) Approach</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sidabras</surname>
<given-names>Jason W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-7501</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Biophysics, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Jason W. Sidabras</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-6/">This article is available from https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-6/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-6/mr-2026-6.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-6/mr-2026-6.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Segmented-Overlap Fourier-Filtering and Averaging (SOFFA) data acquisition method is described in detail for magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In this work the four processes that encompass the SOFFA data acquisition method are detailed: (i) oversampling spectral segments, (ii) Fourier block-filtering, (iii) segment-overlap averaging, and (iv) decimation. Three experimental examples are shown. Conventional Continuous Wave (CW) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) is compared to SOFFA-CW of a single reduced [4Fe-4S]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (S=1/2) at concentrations of 1 mM, 100 &amp;micro;M, and 10 &amp;micro;M showing an average increase in concentration sensitivity by a factor of 5.6. Experimental comparison of CW and SOFFA nonadiabatic rapid scan (SOFFA-NARS) data with similar filter parameters and field-modulation amplitude demonstrates a factor of 10.3 in signal-to-noise improvement for a 150 &amp;micro;M sitedirected spin-labeled Hemoglobin in 82 % glycerol at 18 &amp;deg;C. The signal-to-noise improvements were made for the same data acquisition times on standard commercial instruments. This method can be implemented to perform real-time segmented processing and, combined with more sophisticated averaging methods, will push the state-of-the-art sensitivity in magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="25"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>745702</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>National Institutes of Health</funding-source>
<award-id>R01GM149568</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>National Institutes of Health</funding-source>
<award-id>U01AI189427</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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