<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">MRD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Magnetic Resonance Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">MRD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Magn. Reson. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2699-0059</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/mr-2026-8</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Comparing Fourier Transform and Direct Wave Fitting in NMR FID Data Analysis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Jixin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-0918</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale &amp; Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Oh45701, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Jixin Chen</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-8/">This article is available from https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-8/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-8/mr-2026-8.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://mr.copernicus.org/preprints/mr-2026-8/mr-2026-8.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This report compares various simulation and data analysis methods for free induction decay (FID) signals in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. The methods discussed include discrete fast Fourier transformation (FFT), least squares fitting (LSF), short-time Fourier transformation (STFT), and wavelet transformation. NMR is a widely used technique for elucidating the chemical composition and structure of molecules. It measures the nuclear magnetic spin frequencies of different atoms in a sample, producing signals that are waves over the time domain. This report employs Gaussian wave frequency simulations to model the interference and dephasing among adjacent frequencies of each Gaussian chemical shift. Typically, FIDs are analysed using the FFT algorithm, although least squares fitting and machine learning algorithms are also employed. The simulations indicate that STFT can generate spectrograms that are useful for further neural network training, while LSF is effective in processing signals around or even below one wave cycle.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="15"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Human Genome Research Institute</funding-source>
<award-id>2R15HG009972</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>