| 13 Jan 2026
Bimodal Q-band Probehead with Improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Pulse EPR
Abstract. In addition to the development of various resonators, the concept of a probehead equipped with an additional low noise amplifier (LNA) is becoming increasingly popular to enhance the sensitivity of EPR spectrometers. The low noise detection amplifier makes it possible to measure pulsed EPR signals with high sensitivity. However, a strong reflected pulse signal can cause saturation and deterioration of the LNA characteristics, which requires protection of the LNA (for example, by using a protection switch in front of the LNA), which in turn reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome these limitations, we propose using an EPR probehead based on a bimodal cavity with strong isolation between the input and output ports, in combination with a low noise amplifier connected to the cavity output. Experiments demonstrate 4-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to the reflection mode. Performance of the probe was also compared with the Bruker EN 5170 D2 probe available in our laboratory, which showed an improvement that can be achieved by increasing the SNR by 2 times due to additional LNA and isolation of the detection channel from the input signal, and by 3.3 times due to a larger sample volume in the bimodal probe (~20 µl) at Q-band frequencies compared to the Bruker one (~6 µl).
The developed probehead can be used together with commercial Bruker ELEXYS EPR spectrometers without modification of the microwave bridge.
Competing interests: At least one of the (co-)authors is a member of the editorial board of Magnetic Resonance.
Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this paper. While Copernicus Publications makes every effort to include appropriate place names, the final responsibility lies with the authors. Views expressed in the text are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
