Benders, S., Gomes, B. F., Carmo, M., Colnago, L. A., and Blümich, B.: In-situ MRI velocimetry of the magnetohydrodynamic effect in
electrochemical cells, J. Magn. Reson., 312, 106692,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106692, 2020.
a
Britton, M. M., Bayley, P. M., Howlett, P. C., Davenport, A. J., and Forsyth,
M.: In Situ, Real-Time Visualization of Electrochemistry Using Magnetic
Resonance Imaging, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 4, 3019–3023,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jz401415a, 2013.
a
Bundesnetzagentur: Frequenzplan, available at:
https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Sachgebiete/Telekommunikation/Unternehmen_Institutionen/Frequenzen/Grundlagen/Frequenzplan/frequenzplan-node.html, last access: 4 May 2021. a
Bussy, U., Giraudeau, P., Silvestre, V., Jaunet-Lahary, T., Ferchaud-Roucher,
V., Krempf, M., Akoka, S., Tea, I., and Boujtita, M.: In situ NMR
spectroelectrochemistry for the structure elucidation of unstable
intermediate metabolites, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 5817–5824,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-6977-z, 2013.
a,
b
Falck, D., Oosthoek-de Vries, A. J., Kolkman, A., Lingeman, H., Honing, M.,
Wijmenga, S. S., Kentgens, A. P., and Niessen, W. M.: EC-SPE-stripline-NMR
analysis of reactive products: a feasibility study, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405,
6711–6720,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7158-9, 2013.
a,
b
Grundmann, R.: Climate change as a wicked social problem, Nat. Geosci., 9, 562–563, 2016. a
Haas, T., Krause, R., Weber, R., Demler, M., and Schmid, G.: Technical
photosynthesis involving
CO2 electrolysis and fermentation, Nature
Catalysis, 1, 32–39,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-017-0005-1, 2018.
a,
b
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., Beerling, D., Berner, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pagani, M., Raymo, M., Royer, D. L., and Zachos, J. C.: Target Atmospheric CO: Where Should Humanity Aim?, The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2, 217–231,
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874282300802010217, 2008.
a
Hargreaves, B. A., Worters, P. W., Pauly, K. B., Pauly, J. M., Koch, K. M., and Gold, G. E.: Metal-induced artifacts in MRI, AJR Am. J. Roentgenol., 197,
547–555,
https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.11.7364, 2011.
a
Hasbullah, R., Gardjito, Syarief, A. M., and Akinaga, T.: Gas Permeability
Characteristics of Plastic Films for Packaging of Fresh Produce, Nogyo
Shisetsu (Journal of the Society of Agricultural Structures, Japan), 31,
79–86,
https://doi.org/10.11449/sasj1971.31.79, 2000.
a
Hatsukade, T., Kuhl, K. P., Cave, E. R., Abram, D. N., and Jaramillo, T. F.:
Insights into the electrocatalytic reduction of CO(2) on metallic silver
surfaces, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 16, 13814–13819,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00692e,
2014.
a
Hernández, S., Amin Farkhondehfal, M., Sastre, F., Makkee, M., Saracco, G.,
and Russo, N.: Syngas production from electrochemical reduction of
CO2: current status and prospective implementation, Green Chem.,
19, 2326–2346,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00398f, 2017.
a
Hori, Y.: Electrochemical
CO2 Reduction on Metal Electrodes, Modern
Aspects of Electrochemistry, 42th edn., Springer, New York, USA, 2008.
a,
b,
c,
d
Hori, Y., Murata, A., Kikuchi, K., and Suzuki, S.: Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxides to carbon monoxide at a gold electrode in aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 10, 728–729,
https://doi.org/10.1039/C39870000728, 1987.
a
Hsieh, Y.-C., Senanayake, S. D., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., and Polyansky, D. E.:
Effect of Chloride Anions on the Synthesis and Enhanced Catalytic Activity of
Silver Nanocoral Electrodes for
CO2Electroreduction, ACS Catalysis,
5, 5349–5356,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01235, 2015.
a
Ilott, A. J., Chandrashekar, S., Klockner, A., Chang, H. J., Trease, N. M.,
Grey, C. P., Greengard, L., and Jerschow, A.: Visualizing skin effects in
conductors with MRI: (7)Li MRI experiments and calculations, J. Magn. Reson.,
245, 143–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2014.06.013, 2014.
a
Jhong, H. R., Ma, S. C., and Kenis, P. J. A.: Electrochemical conversion of
CO2 to useful chemicals: current status, remaining challenges, and
future opportunities, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., 2, 191–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2013.03.005, 2013.
a,
b
Jungmann, P. M., Agten, C. A., Pfirrmann, C. W., and Sutter, R.: Advances in
MRI around metal, J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, 46, 972–991,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25708, 2017.
a
Klod, S., Ziegs, F., and Dunsch, L.: In Situ NMR Spectroelectrochemistry of
Higher Sensitivity by Large Scale Electrodes, Anal. Chem., 81,
10262–10267,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac901641m, 2009.
a
Kortlever, R., Shen, J., Schouten, K. J., Calle-Vallejo, F., and Koper, M. T.: Catalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6, 4073–4082,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01559,
2015.
a
Liger-Belair, G., Prost, E., Parmentier, M., Jeandet, P., and Nuzillard, J.-M.: Diffusion Coefficient of
CO2 Molecules as Determined by
13C NMR in Various Carbonated Beverages, J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, 7560–7563,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034693p,
2003.
a
Lu, Q., Rosen, J., Zhou, Y., Hutchings, G. S., Kimmel, Y. C., Chen, J. G., and Jiao, F.: A selective and efficient electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide
reduction, Nat. Commun., 5, 3242,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4242, 2014.
a
Mairanovsky, V. G., Yusefovich, L. Y., and Filippova, T. M.: NMR-electrolysis
combined method (NMREL). Basic principles and some applications, J.
Magn. Reson., 54, 19–35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(83)90142-7,
1983.
a
Mani, F., Peruzzini, M., and Stoppioni, P.:
CO2 absorption by aqueous
NH
3 solutions: speciation of ammonium carbamate, bicarbonate and carbonate by a
13C NMR study, Green Chem., 8, 995–1000,
https://doi.org/10.1039/B602051H, 2006.
a
Meiboom, S. and Gill, D.: Modified spin-echo method for measuring nuclear
relaxation times, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 29, 688–691, 1958. a
Mendonca, A. C., Malfreyt, P., and Padua, A. A.: Interactions and Ordering of
Ionic Liquids at a Metal Surface, J. Chem. Theor. Comput., 8, 3348–3355,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ct300452u, 2012.
a
Mincey, D. W., Popovich, M. J., Faustino, P. J., Hurst, M. M., and Caruso,
J. A.: Monitoring of electrochemical reactions by nuclear magnetic resonance
spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 62, 1197–1200,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00210a020, 1990.
a
Moret, S., Dyson, P. J., and Laurenczy, G.: Direct, in situ determination of pH and solute concentrations in formic acid dehydrogenation and CO(2)
hydrogenation in pressurised aqueous solutions using (1)H and (13)C NMR
spectroscopy, Dalton Trans, 42, 4353–4356,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c3dt00081H, 2013.
a
Neukermans, S., Samanipour, M., Vincent Ching, H. Y., Hereijgers, J.,
Van Doorslaer, S., Hubin, A., and Breugelmans, T.: A Versatile In-Situ
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectro-electrochemical Approach for
Electrocatalyst Research, ChemElectroChem, 7, 4578–4586,
https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202001193, 2020.
a
Nunes, L. M., Moraes, T. B., Barbosa, L. L., Mazo, L. H., and Colnago, L. A.:
Monitoring electrochemical reactions in situ using steady-state free
precession
13C NMR spectroscopy, Anal. Chim. Acta,
850, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.022, 2014.
a
Prenzler, P. D., Bramley, R., Downing, S. R., and Heath, G. A.: High-field NMR spectroelectrochemistry of spinning solutions: simultaneous in situ detection of electrogenerated species in a standard probe under potentiostatic control, Electrochem. Commun., 2, 516–521,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2481(00)00042-4, 2000.
a
Richards, J. A. and Evans, D. H.: Flow cell for electrolysis within the probe
of a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 47,
964–966,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60356a016, 1975.
a
Romanenko, K., Forsyth, M., and O'Dell, L. A.: New opportunities for
quantitative and time efficient 3D MRI of liquid and solid electrochemical
cell components: Sectoral Fast Spin Echo and SPRITE, J. Magn.
Reson., 248, 96–104,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2014.09.017, 2014.
a,
b
Seitz-Beywl, J., Poxleitner, M., Probst, M. M., and Heinzinger, K.: On the
interaction of ions with a platinum metal surface, Int. J.
Quantum Chem., 42, 1141–1147,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.560420505, 1992.
a
Shaka, A., Keeler, J., Frenkiel, T., and Freeman, R.: An improved sequence for broadband decoupling: WALTZ-16, J. Magn. Reson., 52, 335–338,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(83)90207-X, 1983.
a
Simon, H., Melles, D., Jacquoilleot, S., Sanderson, P., Zazzeroni, R., and
Karst, U.: Combination of electrochemistry and nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy for metabolism studies, Anal. Chem., 84, 8777–8782,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac302152a, 2012.
a
Stanisavljev, D., Begović, N., Žujović, Z., Vučelić, D., and Bačić, G.:
H NMR Monitoring of Water Behavior during the Bray−Liebhafsky Oscillatory
Reaction, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 6883–6886,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp980803x, 1998.
a
Whipple, D. T. and Kenis, P. J. A.: Prospects of
CO2 Utilization via
Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction, J. Phys.
Chem. Lett., 1, 3451–3458,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jz1012627, 2010.
a
Williamson, N. H., Dower, A. M., Codd, S. L., Broadbent, A. L., Gross, D., and Seymour, J. D.: Glass Dynamics and Domain Size in a Solvent-Polymer Weak Gel Measured by Multidimensional Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry and Diffusometry, Phys. Rev. Lett., 122, 068001,
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.068001, 2019.
a
Zhu, D. D., Liu, J. L., and Qiao, S. Z.: Recent Advances in Inorganic
Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for Reduction of Carbon Dioxide, Adv.
Mater., 28, 3423–3452,
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504766, 2016.
a