Articles | Volume 1, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-301-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-301-2020
Research article
 | 
09 Dec 2020
Research article |  | 09 Dec 2020

High-sensitivity Gd3+–Gd3+ EPR distance measurements that eliminate artefacts seen at short distances

Hassane EL Mkami, Robert I. Hunter, Paul A. S. Cruickshank, Michael J. Taylor, Janet E. Lovett, Akiva Feintuch, Mian Qi, Adelheid Godt, and Graham M. Smith

Related authors

Site-selective generation of lanthanoid binding sites on proteins using 4-fluoro-2,6-dicyanopyridine
Sreelakshmi Mekkattu Tharayil, Mithun C. Mahawaththa, Akiva Feintuch, Ansis Maleckis, Sven Ullrich, Richard Morewood, Michael J. Maxwell, Thomas Huber, Christoph Nitsche, Daniella Goldfarb, and Gottfried Otting
Magn. Reson., 3, 169–182, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-3-169-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-3-169-2022, 2022
Short summary
The decay of the refocused Hahn echo in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments
Thorsten Bahrenberg, Samuel M. Jahn, Akiva Feintuch, Stefan Stoll, and Daniella Goldfarb
Magn. Reson., 2, 161–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-161-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Strategies to identify and suppress crosstalk signals in double electron–electron resonance (DEER) experiments with gadoliniumIII and nitroxide spin-labeled compounds
Markus Teucher, Mian Qi, Ninive Cati, Henrik Hintz, Adelheid Godt, and Enrica Bordignon
Magn. Reson., 1, 285–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-285-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-285-2020, 2020
Short summary
Distance measurement between trityl radicals by pulse dressed electron paramagnetic resonance with phase modulation
Nino Wili, Henrik Hintz, Agathe Vanas, Adelheid Godt, and Gunnar Jeschke
Magn. Reson., 1, 75–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-75-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-75-2020, 2020
Short summary
Study of electron spectral diffusion process under DNP conditions by ELDOR spectroscopy focusing on the 14N solid effect
Marie Ramirez Cohen, Akiva Feintuch, Daniella Goldfarb, and Shimon Vega
Magn. Reson., 1, 45–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-45-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-45-2020, 2020
Short summary

Cited articles

Bahrenberg, T., Rosenski, Y., Carmieli, R., Zibzener, K., Qi, M., Frydman, V., Godt, A., Goldfarb, D., and Feintuch, A.: Improved sensitivity for W-band Gd(III)-Gd(III) and nitroxide-nitroxide DEER measurements with shaped pulses, J. Magn. Reson., 283, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2017.08.003, 2017. 
Clayton, J. A., Keller, K., Qi, M., Wegner, J., Koch, V., Hintz, H., Godt, A., Han, S., Jeschke, G., Sherwin, M. S., and Yulikov, M.: Quantitative analysis of zero-field splitting parameter distributions in Gd(iii) complexes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 10470–10492, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP08507A, 2018. 
Cohen, M. R., Frydman, V., Milko, P., Iron, M. A., Abdelkader, E. H., Lee, M. D., Swarbrick, J. D., Raitsimring, A., Otting, G., Graham, B., Feintuch, A., and Goldfarb, D.: Overcoming artificial broadening in Gd3+-Gd3+ distance distributions arising from dipolar pseudo-secular terms in DEER experiments, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 12847–12859, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00829a, 2016. 
Collauto, A., Frydman, V., Lee, M. D., Abdelkader, E. H., Feintuch, A., Swarbrick, J. D., Graham, B., Otting, G., and Goldfarb, D.: RIDME distance measurements using Gd(iii) tags with a narrow central transition, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 18, 19037–19049, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03299k, 2016. 
Cruickshank, P. A., Bolton, D. R., Robertson, D. A., Hunter, R. I., Wylde, R. J., and Smith, G. M.: A kilowatt pulsed 94GHz electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer with high concentration sensitivity, high instantaneous bandwidth, and low dead time, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 80, 103102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3239402, 2009. 
Download
Short summary
Through a series of DEER measurements on two Gd rulers, with Gd–Gd distances of 2.1 and 6.0 nm, we show that artefacts commonly observed when measuring short distances can be eliminated by avoiding excitation of the central transition by both the pump and observer pulses. By using a wideband induction mode sample holder at 94 GHz, we demonstrate that high-quality DEER measurements will become possible using Gd spin labels at sub-µM concentrations, with implications for in-cell DEER measurements.