Articles | Volume 2, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-395-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-395-2021
Research article
 | 
08 Jun 2021
Research article |  | 08 Jun 2021

Hyperpolarization and the physical boundary of Liouville space

Malcolm H. Levitt and Christian Bengs

Related authors

Geminal parahydrogen-induced polarization: accumulating long-lived singlet order on methylene proton pairs
Laurynas Dagys, Barbara Ripka, Markus Leutzsch, Gamal A. I. Moustafa, James Eills, Johannes F. P. Colell, and Malcolm H. Levitt
Magn. Reson., 1, 175–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-175-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-175-2020, 2020
Short summary

Related subject area

Field: Hyperpolarization | Topic: Theory
Dynamic view of the solid-state DNP effect
Deniz Sezer
Magn. Reson. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2023-1,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2023-1, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for MR
Short summary
The solid-state DNP effect in liquids
Deniz Sezer
Magn. Reson. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2023-2,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2023-2, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for MR
Short summary
Extended Bloch–McConnell equations for mechanistic analysis of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance experiments on enzyme systems
Thomas R. Eykyn, Stuart J. Elliott, and Philip W. Kuchel
Magn. Reson., 2, 421–446, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-421-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-2-421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Representation of population exchange at level anti-crossings
Bogdan A. Rodin and Konstantin L. Ivanov
Magn. Reson., 1, 347–365, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-347-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-347-2020, 2020
Short summary
Geminal parahydrogen-induced polarization: accumulating long-lived singlet order on methylene proton pairs
Laurynas Dagys, Barbara Ripka, Markus Leutzsch, Gamal A. I. Moustafa, James Eills, Johannes F. P. Colell, and Malcolm H. Levitt
Magn. Reson., 1, 175–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-175-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-175-2020, 2020
Short summary

Cited articles

Abragam, A.: The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Clarendon Press, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-852014-X, 1961. a, b
Adams, R. W., Aguilar, J. A., Atkinson, K. D., Cowley, M. J., Elliott, P. I. P., Duckett, S. B., Green, G. G. R., Khazal, I. G., Lopez-Serrano, J., and Williamson, D. C.: Reversible Interactions with Para-Hydrogen Enhance NMR Sensitivity by Polarization Transfer, Science, 323, 1708–1711, 2009. a
Aghelnejad, B., Marhabaie, S., Baudin, M., Bodenhausen, G., and Carnevale, D.: Spin Thermometry: A Straightforward Measure of Millikelvin Deuterium Spin Temperatures Achieved by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11, 3219–3225, 2020. a
Ahuja, P., Sarkar, R., Vasos, P. R., and Bodenhausen, G.: Diffusion Coefficients of Biomolecules Using Long-Lived Spin States, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 7498–7499, 2009. a
Ardenkjaer-Larsen, J. H., Fridlund, B., Gram, A., Hansson, G., Hansson, L., Lerche, M. H., Servin, R., Thaning, M., and Golman, K.: Increase in Signal-to-Noise Ratio of > 10,000 Times in Liquid-State NMR, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 10158–10163, 2003. a
Download
Short summary
Magnetic resonance experiments are described using a mathematical object called the spin density operator. The article explores the regions of an abstract space called Liouville space which may be occupied by the density operator. The study is of particular relevance to hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, which is capable of generating greatly enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance signals which may be used, amongst other things, for imaging of metabolism in the human body.