Brown, I.: Electron spin-echo studies of relaxation processes in molecular
solids, in: Time Domain Electron Spin Resonance, edited by: Kevan, L. and Schwartz, R. N., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 195–229, 1979.
Canarie, E. R., Jahn, S. M., and Stoll, S.: Quantitative Structure-Based
Prediction of Electron Spin Decoherence in Organic Radicals, J. Phys. Chem.
Lett., 11, 3396–3400, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00768, 2020.
Carr, H. Y. and Purcell, E. M.: Effects of diffusion on free precession in
nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, Phys. Rev., 94, 630–638,
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.94.630, 1954.
Dastvan, R., Bode, B. E., Karuppiah, M. P. R., Marko, A., Lyubenova, S.,
Schwalbe, H., and Prisner, T. F.: Optimization of transversal relaxation of
nitroxides for pulsed electron-electron double resonance spectroscopy in
phospholipid membranes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 13507–13516,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1060039, 2010.
Eaton, S. S. and Eaton, G. R.: Relaxation times of organic radicals and
transition metal ions, in: Distance measurements in biological systems by
EPR, edited by: Berliner, L., Eaton, S. S., and Eaton, G. R., Springer, Boston, MA, 19, 29–154, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47109-4_2, 2000.
El Mkami, H., Ward, R., Bowman, A., Owen-Hughes, T., and Norman, D. G.: The
spatial effect of protein deuteration on nitroxide spin-label relaxation:
Implications for EPR distance measurement, J. Magn. Reson., 248, 36–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMR.2014.09.010, 2014.
Feintuch, A., Otting, G., and Goldfarb, D.: Gd
3+ Spin Labeling for
Measuring Distances in Biomacromolecules: Why and How?, Methods Enzymol., 563, 415–457, https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.006, 2015.
Giannoulis, A., Yang, Y., Gong, Y., Tan, X., Feintuch, A., Carmieli, R.,
Bahrenberg, T., Liu, Y., Su, X., and Goldfarb, D.: DEER distance measurements
on trityl/trityl and Gd(iii)/trityl labelled proteins, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 21, 10217–10227, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07249c, 2019.
Goldfarb, D., Lipkin, Y., Potapov, A., Gorodetsky, Y., Epel, B.,
Raitsimring, A. M., Radoul, M., and Kaminker, I.: HYSCORE and DEER with an
upgraded 95 GHz pulse EPR spectrometer, J. Magn. Reson., 194, 8–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2008.05.019, 2008.
Harbridge, J. R., Eaton, S. S., and Eaton, G. R.: Comparison of electron spin
relaxation times measured by Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill and two-pulse
spin-echo sequences, J. Magn. Reson., 164, 44–53,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-7807(03)00182-4, 2003.
Huber, M., Lindgren, M., Hammarström, P., Mårtensson, L.-G.,
Carlsson, U., Eaton, G. R., and Eaton, S. S.: Phase memory relaxation times of spin labels in human carbonic anhydrase II: pulsed EPR to determine spin
label location, Biophys. Chem., 94, 245–256,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4622(01)00239-3, 2001.
Jeschke, G.: Interpretation of Dipolar EPR Data in Terms of Protein
Structure, in: Structural Information from Spin-Labels and Intrinsic
Paramagnetic Centres in the Biosciences, edited by: Timmel, C. R. and
Harmer, J. R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 83–120, 2013.
Jeschke, G. and Polyhach, Y.: Distance measurements on spin-labelled
biomacromolecules by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance, Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys., 9, 1895–1910, https://doi.org/10.1039/b614920k, 2007.
Kveder, M., Rakvin, B., and You, J.: A quantum many body model for the
embedded electron spin decoherence in organic solids, J. Chem. Phys.,
151, 164124, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5124561, 2019.
Lenz, S., Bader, K., Bamberger, H., and Van Slageren, J.: Quantitative
prediction of nuclear-spin-diffusion-limited coherence times of molecular
quantum bits based on copper(ii), Chem. Commun., 53, 4477–4480,
https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07813c, 2017.
Ma, W. L., Wolfowicz, G., Zhao, N., Li, S. S., Morton, J. J. L., and Liu, R.
B.: Uncovering many-body correlations in nanoscale nuclear spin baths by
central spin decoherence, Nat. Commun., 5, 4822, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5822,
2014.
Martin, R. E., Pannier, M., Diederich, F., Gramlich, V., Hubrich, M., and
Spiess, H. W.: Determination of End-to-End Distances in a Series of TEMPO
Diradicals of up to 2.8 nm Length with a New Four-Pulse Double Electron
Electron Resonance Experiment, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 37,
2833–2837, 1998.
Mentink-Vigier, F., Collauto, A., Feintuch, A., Kaminker, I., Tarle, V., and
Goldfarb, D.: Increasing sensitivity of pulse EPR experiments using echo
train detection schemes, J. Magn. Reson., 236, 117–125,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2013.08.012, 2013.
Milov, A. D., Ponomarev, A. B., and Tsvetkov, Y. D.: Electron-electron double
resonance in electron spin echo: Model biradical systems and the sensitized
photolysis of decalin, Chem. Phys. Lett., 110, 67–72,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(84)80148-7, 1984.
Mims, W. B.: Electron spin echoes, in: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance,
edited by: Geschwind, S., Plenum, New York, USA, 263–351, 1972.
Pannier, M., Veit, S., Godt, A., Jeschke, G., and Spiess, H. W.: Dead-Time
Free Measurement of Dipole-Dipole Interactions between Electron Spins, J.
Magn. Reson., 142, 331–340, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmre.1999.1944, 2000.
Raitsimring, A. M., Salikhov, K. M., Umanski, U., and Tsvetkov, Y. D.: The
instantaneous diffusion of the ESE paramagnetic centers in solids, Fiz. Tverd. Tela
+, 16, 756–763, 1974.
Raitsimring, A. M., Dalaloyan, A., Collauto, A., Feintuch, A., Meade, T., and
Goldfarb, D.: Zero field splitting fluctuations induced phase relaxation of
Gd
3+ in frozen solutions at cryogenic temperatures, J. Magn. Reson., 248, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2014.09.012, 2014.
Reginsson, G. W., Kunjir, N. C., Sigurdsson, S. T., and Schiemann, O.: Trityl
radicals: Spin labels for nanometer-distance measurements, Chem.-Eur. J., 18, 13580–13584, https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201203014, 2012.
Reslan, M. and Kayser, V.: The effect of deuterium oxide on the
conformational stability and aggregation of bovine serum albumin, Pharm.
Dev. Technol., 23, 1030–1036, https://doi.org/10.1080/10837450.2016.1268157, 2018.
Saikin, S. K., Yao, W., and Sham, L. J.: Single-electron spin decoherence by
nuclear spin bath: Linked-cluster expansion approach, Phys. Rev. B, 75, 125314, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.125314, 2007.
Salikhov, K. M. and Tsvetkov, Y. D.: Electron spin-echo studies of spin-spin interactions in solids, in: Time Domain Electron Spin Resonance, edited by: Kevan, L. and Schwartz, R. N., Wiley, New York, USA, 279–341, 1979.
Schmidt, T., Wälti, M. A., Baber, J. L., Hustedt, E. J., and Clore, G.
M.: Long Distance Measurements up to 160 Å in the GroEL Tetradecamer
Using Q-Band DEER EPR Spectroscopy, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 55,
15905–15909, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201609617, 2016.
Soetbeer, J., Hülsmann, M., Godt, A., Polyhach, Y., and Jeschke, G.:
Dynamical decoupling of nitroxides in: O-terphenyl: A study of temperature,
deuteration and concentration effects, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20,
1615–1628, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07074h, 2018.
Soetbeer, J., Millen, M., Zouboulis, K., Hülsmann, M., Godt, A.,
Polyhach, Y., and Jeschke, G.: Dynamical decoupling in water-glycerol
glasses: a comparison of nitroxide, trityl and gadolinium radicals, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 5352–5369, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00055a, 2021.
Spindler, P. E., Waclawska, I., Endeward, B., Plackmeyer, J., Ziegler, C.,
and Prisner, T. F.: Carr-Purcell Pulsed Electron Double Resonance with
Shaped Inversion Pulses, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6, 4331–4335,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01933, 2015.
Van Doorslaer, S.: Hyperfine spectroscopy: ESEEM, eMagRes, 6, 51–70,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1517, 2017.
Witzel, W. M. and Das Sarma, S.: Quantum theory for electron spin
decoherence induced by nuclear spin dynamics in semiconductor quantum
computer architectures: Spectral diffusion of localized electron spins in
the nuclear solid-state environment, Phys. Rev. B, 74, 035322, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.035322, 2006.
Yang, W. and Liu, R. B.: Quantum many-body theory for qubit decoherence in a
finite-size spin bath, AIP Conf. Proc., 1074, 68–71,
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3037140, 2008.
Yang, W. and Liu, R. B.: Quantum many-body theory of qubit decoherence in a
finite-size spin bath, II. Ensemble dynamics, Phys. Rev. B, 79, 115320, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.115320, 2009.
Yang, Y., Pan, B. Bin, Tan, X., Yang, F., Liu, Y., Su, X. C., and Goldfarb,
D.: In-Cell Trityl-Trityl Distance Measurements on Proteins, J. Phys. Chem.
Lett., 11, 1141–1147, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03208, 2020.
Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Borbat, P., Zweier, J. L., Freed, J. H., and Hubbell, W.
L.: Pulsed ESR dipolar spectroscopy for distance measurements in immobilized
spin labeled proteins in liquid solution, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134,
9950–9952, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja303791p, 2012.
Yardeni, E. H., Bahrenberg, T., Stein, R. A., Mishra, S., Zomot, E., Graham,
B., Tuck, K. L., Huber, T., Bibi, E., Mchaourab, H. S., and Goldfarb, D.:
Probing the solution structure of the E. coli multidrug transporter MdfA
using DEER distance measurements with nitroxide and Gd(III) spin labels,
Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 12528, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48694-0, 2019.
Zecevic, A., Eaton, G. R., Eaton, S. S., and Lindgren, M.: Dephasing of electron spin echoes for nitroxyl radicals in glassy solvents by non-methyl and methyl protons, Mol. Phys., 95, 1255–1263, 1998.